Pazzanita, Anthony G., and Tony Hodges. Historical Dictionary of Western Sahara. 2nd ed. Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow Press, 1994.

Hodges, Tony. "The Western Sahara File." Third World Quarterly 6, no. 1 (1984): 74-116, 101-102.

Hodges, Tony. Western Sahara: Roots of a Desert War. Westport, CT: Lawrence Hill Books, 1983.