Brown, Nathan J., Intissar Fakir, and Yasmine Farouk. Here to Stay? The Impact of the Coronavirus in the Middle East Has Led to Shifts in the Nature of Authoritarianism. Diwan ? Middle East Insights from Carnegie, 2020.

Brown, Nathan J., Amr Hamzawy, and Marina Ottaway. Islamist Movements and the Democratic Process in the Arab World In Carnegie Papers No. 67. Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Endowment, 2006.