Levitt, Steven D.. "Are We a Family or a Business?? History and Disjuncture in the Urban American Street Gang." Theory and Society 29, no. 4 (2000): 427-62.

Levitt, Steven D., and Sudhir Alladi Venkatesh. "An Economic Analysis of a Drug-Selling Gang?s Finances." Quarterly Journal of Economics 115, no. 3 (2000): 755-789.