<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>27</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Georgi Tzvetkov</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Philip Spassov</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vesselin Petkov</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Todor Tagarev</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Albania: Capabilities, Organisations, Policies, and Legislation in crisis management and disaster response</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IT4Sec Reports</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Albania</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Civil Security</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">disaster preparedness</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">disaster response</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">National Civil Emergency Plan</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SEEDRMAP</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June 2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">120</style></number><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Institute of Information and Communication Technologies</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sofia</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Albania has a total area of 28,748 km2. It shares a border with Montenegro to the northwest, with Kosovo to the northeast, with Macedonia to the north and east, and with Greece to the south and southeast. It has a coastline around 476 km long. Albania is divided into 12 regions (qarks), 36 districts, 375 municipalities and communes, which are the basic units of local self-government.

The four main hazards affecting Albania are forest fires, floods, earthquakes and snowstorms. Among other hazards available assessments make reference to landslides, drought, epidemics, avalanches, tsunami, technological hazards, dam burst and storms.

The national crisis management framework consists of three levels – national, regional and local. At national level, the Council of Ministers leads and governs the national system of civil emergency management in Albania, with the main role played by the General Directorate of Civil Emergencies in the Ministry of Interior.

Prefects in the qarks (regions) are responsible for planning and coping with civil emergencies at qark (regional) level. A Commission of Planning and Responding to Civil Emergencies is established in each qark with the task to coordinate activities of the qark authorities and volunteer organisations for planning and coping with emergency. Accordingly, the mayor or the head of commune is responsible for planning and responding to civil emergencies in the respective municipality or commune (local) level. Under the chairmanship of the mayor or the head of commune, a Commission of Planning and Responding with Civil Emergencies is established, and its main task is to coordinate all activities of the local government unit and volunteer organisations, responsible for planning and responding to emergencies.

The principal operational forces or active structures in Albania are comprised of the Armed Forces; Directorate of Fire Protection and Rescue (PMNZZH); the Ambulance Service; the State Police and other Police units; Directorate of State Reserves; Units specialised in mines and technical response; Monitoring and operational supportive structures.

Earlier data show that in normal times the human resources dedicated to crisis management include the following: app. 450 personnel, including the employed in civil protection at qark level (app. 50) and personnel employed in civil protection at commune or district level. Involvement of private companies and volunteers is limited to app. 500 of active personnel.
</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Velizar Shalamanov</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stefan Hadjitodorov</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Todor Tagarev</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nikolay Pavlov</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Valentin Stoyanov</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pencho Geneshky</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stoyan Avramov</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Civil Security: Architectural Approach in Emergency Management Transformation</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Information &amp; Security: An International Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Civil Security</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">emergency management</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">New Risks and Vulnerabilities</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Security Sector Transformation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">System Architecture</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">75-101</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The article presents the major findings of a comprehensive study (White Paper on Civil Protection) accomplished by the Center for National Security and Defense Research (CNSDR) in the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS). The research is presently further developed within the framework of a NATO Science for Peace Project SFP-981149 for building new capabilities in Decision Making Support for the Bulgarian Security Sector. The main goal of this article is to assess the status and prospects ahead of the system for protection of population and critical infrastructure. The fundamental principles of the Concept for Civil Security of the Republic of Bulgaria have been formulated within the context of the establishment of an integrated security sector. An institutionalized civil security system is considered “the third pillar” of the security sector in Bulgaria. Three main alternatives for development of civil security system are put forward. The first alternative is a result of a narrow interpretation and application of the newly adopted Crisis Management Act. The second alternative offers a broader interpretation and application of the Crisis Management Act. This alternative envisages maximum interdepartmental coordination – “a quasi ministry, whereas a ministry is not actually established.” The third alternative envisages the establishment of a new Ministry of Civil Security. The development of a Center of Excellence in Security Sector Transformation in Bulgaria is proposed to provide scientific support to the effective transformation of the civil security system and the implementation of the Crisis Management Law.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>