<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adam Dolnik</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Terrorist Innovation</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Combating Transnational Terrorism</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Procon</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sofia</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">49-66</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Innovation is defined here as “the introduction of a new method or technology, or the improvement of an already existing capability.” Generally speaking, terrorist innovation falls into the realm of emulation and adaptation, since the technologies used by terrorists are never completely new. Terrorists have effectively engaged in ‘evolutionary innovation’ (i.e. incremental) as opposed to ‘revolutionary’ (i.e. radical) innovation. 
This chapter begins with some observations about the general trends in tactical and technological innovation in terrorist campaigns, followed by a discussion of the reasons why different terrorist organizations display varying levels of innovation. In particular, four key scenarios which may act as triggers for terrorist innovation are identified, and these are then considered using the ‘Islamic State’ (IS) as a case study.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adam Dolnik</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Dynamics of Terrorist Innovation</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Understanding Terrorism Innovation and Learning: Al-Qaeda and Beyond</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Routledge</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oxon and New York</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">76–95</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>19</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adam Dolnik</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Four Myths About Ransoms</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Foreign Affairs</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13 January 2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/142773/adam-dolnik/four-myths-about-ransoms</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adam Dolnik</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fighting to the Death</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RUSI Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">155</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">60-68</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adam Dolnik</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fighting to the Death: Mumbai and the Future Fidayeen Threat</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RUSI Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">155</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">60–68</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>27</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adam Dolnik</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Keith M. Fitzgerald</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Negotiating Hostage Crises with the New Terrorists</style></title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Praeger Security International</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Westport CT</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>6</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adam Dolnik</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Understanding Terrorist Innovation: Technology, Tactics and Global Trends</style></title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Routledge</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">London</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adam Dolnik</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Richard Pilch</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Moscow Theater Incident: Perpetrators, Tactics, and the Russian Response</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">International Negotiation</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue></record></records></xml>