<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nadja El Fertasi</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Why Digital Ecosystems of Civil-Military Partnerships Are a Game Changer for International Security and Defence</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Information &amp; Security: An International Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Civil-military relations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">defence and security</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">digital disruption</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">digital transformation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NATO</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">42</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">33-47</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;The defence and security sectors are grappling to keep up with the rapid changes that the digital transformation is having on societies. By 2030, people will have access to unprecedented volumes of information available through networks across the globe. Enhanced connectivity will expose both civil and military networks to threats at a pace never seen before. Threats and challenges associated with the digital change of Big Data, the Internet of Things or disruptive technologies such as Artificial Intelligence continue to make current headlines. Partnerships between civil and military institutions in the digital era will help mitigate the misuse of technology while fully harnessing its opportunities. As we move into a new era where information and hybrid warfare continue to mark the security landscape, digital ecosystems of civil-military partnerships will prove valuable for the long term. An era where a comprehensive, diverse and an inclusive lens in implementing defence and security policies is a necessity to reflect the complex and interrelated security challenges of today&amp;rsquo;s age. Building on the public-private transatlantic forum, such as the NATO Industrial Advisory Group by tapping into the full potential across the Alliance, will help ensure NATO stays ahead of the technology curve. Bringing public-private partnerships into the digital era to keep pace with the challenges of digital transformation and disruption is no longer a luxury, but a necessity.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">33</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nilufer Narli</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Initiatives for Transparency-Building in Turkey:  International, Regional and Domestic Factors</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Information &amp; Security: An International Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">accountability</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">armed forces</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Civil-military relations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">defence planning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">defence policy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Force planning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">procurement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Turkish military</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">34-54</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Taking Turkey as a case study, this article addresses a specific question: What are the factors that support citizens' initiatives for transparency of defence resources planning and budgeting? It assumes that transparency-building is usefully analysed at three levels – the national or “domestic,” the regional and the international – and, therefore, differentiates relevant influencing factors at these levels. Hypothesised to be significant at the international level are shifts in the balance of power (e.g., the demise of the Soviet Union, ending of the Cold War), international treaties concerning armament (e.g., the Conventional Forces in Europe /CFE/ accord) and international documents on various security matters (e.g., the Vienna Document 1999), new global threats (e.g., terrorism, especially following the attacks in the US on 11 September 2001) and wars, real or likely (e.g., the recent fighting in Iraq). At the domestic level, the article considers several economic, political and socio-political factors as variables affecting citizens' demands for transparency of defence resources planning and budgeting. The following factors shape the transparency-building attitude: fiscal crises and poverty; perceived and real threats to national security; the activities of separatist or extremist movements; how the country’s political culture defines the position of the military vis-à-vis society and the political elite, plus the nature of civil-military relations; and the impact of reforms that change legal and political frameworks..</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bisserka Boudinova</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Transparency in Defence Resource Management - Problems and Solutions</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Information &amp; Security: An International Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Civil-military relations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">decision support system</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">defence expenditures.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">defence spending</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">information support</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NATO integration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Partnership for Peace</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PPBS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Programming</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">security sector reform</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">73-91</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">An author with considerable first-hand experience describes problems in implementing advanced defence resource management in Bulgaria and outlines potential solutions. The comprehensive analysis of processes, documents, organisational structures, interaction between Finance and Defence Ministry, civilians and military, and, last but not least, the significance of adequate information systems’ support, provides a textbook example of transparency building in a transition country – soon to be a NATO member.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tilcho Ivanov</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Transparency of Defence Policy in Progress</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Information &amp; Security: An International Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">access to information</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">accountability</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bulgaria’s defence reform</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Civil-military relations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Defence resource management</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Good governance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Information Security</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">procurement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">public tenders.</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">55-72</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This article describes general principles and evaluates Bulgaria’s progress in transparency-building in the areas of defence policy and public communication; defence planning, programming, and budgeting; procurement policy; information security policy; and operational defence management. Drawing heavily from organizational communication theory, the author relates the concepts of openness and transparency to recent Bulgarian practice in planning defence strategy, modernising defence management and changing core defence ministerial structures.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Velizar Shalamanov</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lessons of Transition in Bulgarian Security and Defense</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Information &amp; Security: An International Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Civil-military relations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">security sector reform</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">strategic defense review</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9-19</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Advancement of information technologies, and in particular TV networks and Internet, contributed to the fall of communism in Central and Eastern Europe. But the transition to democracy, market economy and civil society is a complex process with specific ups and downs in each country. One of its components is the transition in the area of security and defense - highly information intensive process. This article describes lessons learned form the transition of the security and defense sector in Bulgaria and outlines major requirements for further evolution towards full integration in European and Euroatlantic security and defense.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>