<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chris Deliso</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Security Risks Relating to the Migrant Crisis and Interagency Cooperation: The Case of Macedonia and Bulgaria</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Information &amp; Security: An International Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hybrid threats</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">illegal migration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">interagency cooperation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organized crime</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">psychological warfare</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Terrorism</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">39</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21-27</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The migrant crisis in the Balkans from 2015-2016 is examined as an example of a hybrid-warfare scenario in contemporary Europe that demonstrates how institutionally-driven security responses that can be applied to successfully counter hybrid threats. Analyzing the experience of Macedonia and Bulgaria, the author identifies five types of security threats that were witnessed along the Balkan route during the migrant crisis. Migrant flows can be infiltrated by potential terrorist for the purposes of simple transit and/or attack scenarios. Organized crime, e.g. by combining human trafficking with other illegal activities, is the second security risk. Thirdly, hostile intelligence penetration of migrant inflows was a very serious hybrid threat, given the opacity of the phenomenon, i.e., the inability to distinguish ‘who is who’ and what their intentions are. Fourth, the presence of pro-migrant activist and anarchist groups with a track record of violent behavior was a persistent threat as it could be multiplied by participation of large numbers of migrants in concentrated efforts against state borders. Finally, the security situation was affected by the important, and yet often forgotten, psychological warfare. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>6</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Iztok Prezelj</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marija Gaber</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Smuggling as a Threat to National and International Security: Slovenia and the Balkan Route</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Athena Papers</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Balkans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">drug trafficking</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">illegal migration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">security threats</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">smuggling</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Partnership for Peace Consortium of Defense Academies and Security Studies Institutes</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Garmisch-Partenkirchen</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The general aim of this book is to analyze the threat of smuggling in general and in the particular context of the Republic of Slovenia, as well as the countermeasures that Slovenia is taking. Its primary focus is on the three most prevalent and dangerous types of smuggling: the smuggling of people, drugs, and weapons. Specifically, it provides analysis of the international and Slovenian understanding of the term smuggling; the Balkan smuggling route; national statistics on smuggling people, drugs and weapons to or through Slovenia; the organization of groups responsible for smuggling people, drugs, and weapons to or through Slovenia (the organization of smugglers, division of labor, methods of concealment, ways of crossing the border, means of communication, indices and indicators of smuggling, frequency of smuggling for particular groups, prices and methods of payment, motivation and profile of smugglers, etc.); and the Slovenian response to the threat of smuggling, with a focus on key police and customs measures.
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