<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grudi Angelov</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Experience of Rakovski National Defense College in Organizing the Communication in the Educational Process During Covid-19 Pandemic</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Information &amp; Security: An International Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVID-19</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">crisis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">distance learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">higher education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">procedures</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">students</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">51</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">89-96</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The COVID-19 pandemic imposed new requirements, where physical distance was the most important tool for preserving people’s lives and health. As a consequence, remote forms of teaching and learning were introduced. The introduction of these forms required prior training. 
Rakovski National Defense College (RNDC) in Sofia, Bulgaria, was one of the first higher education institutions in the country to introduce online distance learning. RNDC established standard operating procedures in due course to deal with the crisis. A new website was set up and commissioned; a special order was established to publish, edit, maintain and regulate information and effectively delegate rights to the heads of structural units to publish on their blogs. Communication between students and teaching staff was organized into a separate College Communication System (CCS), which aimed to integrate Microsoft Office 365 Education at the center of the new rndc.bg domain and to begin personnel training on how to work with Office 365 applications on а sample schedule.
</style></abstract><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">89</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Orhan Dragaš</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zoran Dragišić</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Coordination in the Security Sector in Response to Natural Disasters: The Serbia Cases of 2014 Floods and Covid-19</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Information &amp; Security: An International Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">coordination</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVID-19</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">disaster risk</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">floods</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Natural Disasters</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">security management</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">48</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">213-225</style></pages><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;margin-left:19.85pt;&quot;&gt;This article analyses two different natural disasters, the 2014 floods that hit the Republic of Serbia and several neighboring countries and the Covid-19 pandemic. From the view of coordination in the security sector, these two natural disasters represent excellent case studies, given the entirely different conditions in which the entire national security system had to be engaged.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;margin-left:19.85pt;&quot;&gt;This study examines the similarities and differences in response to two different security challenges and the effects of the measures taken. We have in mind that these are security challenges that have a common origin &amp;ndash; nature. Still, they also have numerous differences, primarily concerning the population and the unequal potential to harm the health of the population, property, and economy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;margin-left:19.85pt;&quot;&gt;With this in mind, we assumed that coordination in the security sector had different models in order to provide the most effective response in addressing the challenges. We concluded that the similarities in these two cases manifested themselves at the normative level. Extraordinary circumstances were declared, and certain regulations changed to provide for the most efficient use of security resources. In both cases, the management of the fight against challenges was centralized. Yet, the difference was manifested in the level of that centralization, which was appropriate to the circumstances and ultimately allowed high efficiency in countering the hazards and their consequences.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">213</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">George Sharkov</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Harnessing the Potential of AI Against Covid-19 through the Lens of Cybersecurity: Challenges, Tools, and Techniques</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Information &amp; Security: An International Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AI</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">artificial intelligence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVID-19</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cybersecurity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ethical AI</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">trustworthy AI</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">49</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">49-69 </style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Artificial Intelligence (AI) has already matured to the point where people from different industry fields and research domains can utilize its tools for various practical applications, including within healthcare, where AI holds immense promise. This capability has generated high hopes and has been used in the fight against the Covid-19 pandemic. However, against the backdrop of these applications, more contentious AI use cases have been highlighted, particularly with concerns about ethics and cybersecurity. This paper discusses recent developments and exciting applications of AI methods and tools. We cover three aspects: AI against Covid-19, AI for cybersecurity, and cybersecurity for AI, as well as some misuses of AI. We also present an overview of AI’s potential through the lens of cybersecurity, to provide food for thought on the idea that securing artificial intelligence necessitates an entirely new approach to security and what it means in the context of dramatically increasing digital dependency.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mufti Makarim A.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Indonesian Intelligence Reform: Recent Challenges and Opportunities for Encouraging Democratic  and Professional Intelligence</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Connections: The Quarterly Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BIN</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVID-19</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">intelligence reform</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">military</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Orde Baru</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pandemic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soeharto</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Winter 2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">75-90</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This article describes the dynamics of Indonesia’s intelligence reform from combatant intelligence posture during the post-independence revolution of 1945 to the authoritarian state intelligence under the New Order regime after 1965, and to the era of intelligence reform after the 1998 reformation movement. Recently, the challenges for Indonesian intelligence institutions have shifted from the need for legislation and political policies to the need for a democratic intelligence posture and the ability to face emerging security threats. Another challenge is the sectoral rivalry between the military, police, and strategic intelligence services, all of which are oriented towards internal security threats and domestic intelligence operations. Domestic threats form a contested operational domain, a ‘grey’ zones of defense, security, and intelligence threats.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">75</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chad Briggs</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yuriy Danyk</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tamara Maliarchuk</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Security Aspects of Hybrid War, COVID-19 Pandemic and Cyber-Social Vulnerabilities</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Connections: The Quarterly Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cognitive hacking</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVID-19</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cyber security</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cyber technologies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cyber-social vulnerabilities</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cyberattack</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">e-learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">emotional warfare</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">hybrid warfare</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">information trauma</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">47-72</style></pages><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">While developments in cyber technologies have advanced the propagation and reach of hybrid warfare, the COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated many vulnerabilities and critical dependencies. This article explores the fundamental aims and strategies of hybrid warfare in terms of psychological underpinnings and technological reach and links to emerging issues of disinformation, cybercrime, fake news, information trauma, and the influence of new modes of education on national security and state resilience.
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aththaariq Rizki</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fauzia Gustarina Cempaka Timur</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Security Threats of Radicalism through Social Media amid Covid-19 Pandemic:  Indonesia’s Perspective</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Connections: The Quarterly Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVID-19</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Indonesia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">radicalism threat</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">social media</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">95-106</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Covid-19 pandemic has brought so many uncertainties for society. People are compelled to adapt to the “new normal” in every aspect of their lives. The government of Indonesia introduced new policies to limit the movement of people through the Policy and the Work From Home (WFH) work system. As a result, large-scale social restrictions relied on the Internet, thus posing higher security risks. Even though the use of social media to spread radicalism is no longer considered novel, the pandemic has revamped social media into a more convenient platform for radicals and extremists as more people are engaged on a daily basis. By using qualitative methods, this study aims to analyze how the spread of radicalism through social media has become a tangible threat to Indonesia during the times of pandemic and the government’s response strategy. This study found that the number of social media users in Indonesia peaked at 51.5 % since the start of the pandemic, most of which came from productive age groups. This study concluded that the pandemic had extended recruitment and radicalization through social media by reaching out to more people and spreading diverse narratives and hoaxes. In order to face those threats, Indonesia’s government uses a strategy of combating such narratives, increasing digital literacy, and blocking content and accounts to minimize the echo of radicalization on social media.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Todor Tagarev</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Balancing Defense and Civil Support Tasks: The Impact of Covid-19 on the Bulgarian Military’s Roles</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Connections: The Quarterly Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Counter-terrorism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVID-19</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">crisis management</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">defense support to civilian authorities</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">emergency management</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">law enforcement</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">61-76</style></pages><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Military organizations are often called upon to contribute with specific capabilities or to enhance the civilian response capacity in an emergency at home, in particular, when urgent action in a high-risk environment is needed. The emergency related to the Covid-19 pandemic was not an exception. The Bulgarian armed forces have already made an important and highly visible contribution and are prepared to perform additional tasks assigned through the new emergency law. Both the society and the political elites appreciate this military involvement, and ideas for new civil security tasks have emerged. Based on the analysis of legal and doctrinal documents and the responses to an interview, this article provides an overview of the domestic tasks of the Bulgarian armed forces prior to the Covid-19 pandemic, new tasks assigned during the pandemic and the possibilities for and the caveats in the further expansion of the spectrum of domestic tasks. The opinions of 41 respondents in the interviews are almost equally split. A slight majority suggests further expansion of the domestic tasks, serving as a back-up, and building on high-tech capabilities the armed forces already possess or plan to develop. The remaining respondents call for exercising caution, assuring that the military contribution is effective and efficient, and reconsidering the newly assigned coercive tasks. The article also presents the decision-making context, shaped by long-delayed modernization, limited budget, and the severe shortage of personnel. This is the context in which policy-makers need to find an adequate balance between defense and civil support roles and capabilities.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">61</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gregory Gleason</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kuralay Baizakova</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVID-19 in the Central Asian Region: National Responses and Regional Implications</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Connections: The Quarterly Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Central Asia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVID-19</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">economic crisis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">regional security</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">101-114</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soon after the first instance of COVID-19 in Central Asia was recorded in March 2020 in Kazakhstan, the government took immediate steps to introduce containment and mitigation measures. As cases of COVID-19 appeared soon after in Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, and later in Tajikistan, the governments swiftly responded, instituting emergency measures, empowering law enforcement and medical authorities to implement a broad range of counter-infection mitigation measures to protect public health. Cross-border travel restrictions were imposed. Lockdowns and sheltering-in-place restrictions were imposed in most major cities and curfews were enforced. Routine commercial air flights were cancelled or significantly reduced in international airports and many domestic airports. New levels of visa restrictions were implemented in all the Central Asian countries. The initial infection containment measures were highly successful in curtailing the early spread of Covid-19. But governments immediately confronted a broad range of social and economic difficulties brought on by Covid-19. The sudden interruption of typical earnings and livelihoods for many people, the disruption of commercial supply chains, the cratering of commodity prices, and, for Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan in particular, the loss of migrant labor opportunities and remittances, combined with other consequences of Covid-19 to produce a region-wide economic catastrophe. The pandemic called for immediate steps on the part of all the government of the region and focused attention on addressing the long-term social, economic, and even regional political implications.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">101</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>27</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zlatogor Minchev</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ivan Gaydarski</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cyber risks, threats &amp; security measures associated with COVID-19</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CSDM Views</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">complex crisis situations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVID-19</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">digital transformation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">protection measures</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">techno-social threats &amp; risks</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">37</style></number><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;This analysis provides a brief overview of the ten live techno-social risks and threats associated with COVID-19 for 2020. Practical security measures are also presented. Literature data, industrial experience and research expertise gathered from &amp;ldquo;Secure Digital Future 21&amp;rdquo; initiative with some recent activities of the European Network of Cyber ​​Security Centers &amp;ndash; ECHO are jointly accomplished. The presented generalized results are giving current priority to threats and risks associated with: attacks on key online services and vulnerabilities in Home Office work organization. Other important issues are: phishing threats and malware attacks. Increased importance, but less expected one is going to emerge from: crypto-virus attacks, vulnerabilities in popular applications, robocall scams, fake apps and news, gray-market scams and malicious domains. Taking in mind these analytical findings, the security measures implementation should be organized with maximum automation, relying on intelligent security systems with multilevel organization. This from one hand will prevent the loss of data, information, technological and economic resources and, from another &amp;ndash; is expected to facilitate the everyday social activities through intelligent technological support for effective society transformation in the new digital reality.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>27</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stanislav Atanasov</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cybersecurity Risks and Challenges in the Covid-19 Pandemic</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CSDM Views</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVID-19</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cyberattack</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cybersecurity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">disinformation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">distant work</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">propaganda</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">social isolation</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">38</style></number><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;The COVID-19 pandemic caused a worldwide crisis with health, social, psychological, economic and political consequences. The imposed social isolation has leа to an exceptionally intensive use of Internet and revolutionary digitalization of human life in its interactive professional, academic and entertainment aspects. The cybersecurity risks also increased, which made cyber risk reduction, protection and response more challenging. This analysis reviews the typical risks and vectors of cyberattacks in a situation of increased digitalisation, as well as main countermeasures. Special attention is paid to propaganda and disinformation as specific cybercrimes critical to the social systems.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>27</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Venelin Georgiev</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evaluating the Utility of Distance Learning Forms during the Covid-19 Pandemic</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IT4Sec Reports</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVID-19</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">distance learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">gold standard</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pandemic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">presentations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tests</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">virtual classroom</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">137</style></number><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;The emergency situation introduced during the Covid-19 pandemic necessitated a shift to a distance learning regime for students in higher education. This has posed a challenge to universities, lecturers and students that they had not encountered before. Overall, the evaluations of the results of the distance learning forms used are positive. In order to identify lessons learned from the practice, it is necessary to compare the efforts of faculty members in using the forms of distance learning and the degree of satisfaction of students and their assessment of the usefulness of these forms. Based on this comparison, the material proposes a &amp;ldquo;gold standard,&amp;rdquo; including distance learning forms that have received the highest grade for usefulness from students.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Frank Mouritz</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Implications of the COVID-19 Pandemic on China’s Belt and Road Initiative</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Connections: The Quarterly Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVID-19</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">economic impact</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">economic recovery</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">foreign investment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Silk Road</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">115-124</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The article examines the short- and long-term effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). The temporary shutdown of economies around the world has disrupted global supply chains, which has caused major delays in BRI infrastructure projects and increased the costs. For the time being, China and BRI partner countries will have to divert attention and resources to fighting the spread of the virus and providing relief for their economies. Thus, a serious slowdown for the BRI is inevitable. However, the long-term consequences are still uncertain at this point and will depend, to a large degree, on how long Corona will set back the world economy. China seems determined to carry on with the BRI no matter what, but the question arises if China&amp;rsquo;s economy will recover quickly enough and if Beijing has the financial reserves to keep up the high level of commitment and support for the BRI. If China manages to sustain the BRI throughout the pandemic, Corona can open up opportunities to use &amp;ldquo;mask diplomacy&amp;rdquo; and BRI healthcare infrastructure projects to increase Beijing&amp;rsquo;s global standing and the local acceptance for the BRI. Given the changed circumstances, BRI countries are well advised to review their participation in the BRI by giving due consideration to the short-term and possible long-term effects. They should consider if they can still afford these infrastructure projects even if they take longer to finish, are more expensive and generate a smaller economic impact.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">115</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Svitlana Zapara</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yaroslav Melnyk</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mariya Melnyk</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maryna Kuznetsova</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Natalia Bondar</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Labour Relations and the Information Security of the State during the Covid-19 Pandemics</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Information &amp; Security: An International Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">atypical employment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVID-19</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">global crisis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Information Security</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">reform</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">social and labour relations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">technological change</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">45</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">77-88</style></pages><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;margin-left:20.15pt;&quot;&gt;The technological changes directly influence human values, way of life, communication, education, new digital competencies, economic productivity, social rights, privacy, access to information, and more. Understanding and describing these effects is key for understanding the new digital social reality and determining possibilities, challenges, and threats of the fourth industrial revolution. The prerequisites of this study are the objective monitoring of the state of social and labour relations in Ukraine and other countries, the analysis of urgent issues of alternative employment, the global crisis and crisis of the human rights mechanism of social and labour relations, changes in the legal status and powers of trade union organizations. These institutions are intended to protect the interests of employees, to facilitate the &amp;lsquo;individualization&amp;rsquo; of labour relations, and new forms to protect employees&amp;rsquo; rights and interests.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">77</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sebastian von Münchow</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Legal and Legitimate Combat Against  COVID-19: German Curfew-related Case Law</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Connections: The Quarterly Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">civil rights</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVID-19</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">governance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">lockdown</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rule of law</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">49-60</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Much has been written about Chinese and Russian attempts to abuse the pandemic to reshape international order in favor of authoritarian regimes. Diplomatic initiatives, staged relief operations, and troll propaganda were rolled out when COVID-19 hit Europe and the USA in early March 2020. These activities meant to insinuate that centralized, illiberal governance models are better prepared to manage the crisis. In contrast, the transatlantic world fights the virus with measures taken in accordance with Rule of Law standards. In a previous paper, the author argued that access to legal remedies makes the difference. In spring and early summer of 2020, courts in Germany decided on a number of cases where claimants challenge lockdown regulations. Some of these decisions deserve a closer look because they deepen the understanding of how constitutional requirements are assessed in lieu of the constraints. The article, therefore, starts with a short summary of the German judicial system to challenge executive decisions. It will then turn to discuss some outstanding court rulings. In the end, the contribution attempts to assess what kind of COVID-19-related case law in Germany emerges. Could the courts balance core constitutional principles, the need to keep a functioning health sector, to allow a number of basic rights untouched, and to prepare a careful economic recovery?</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">49</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Petra Weyland</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Pandemic in the Middle East and North Africa: Reflections on Current and Future Impacts</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Connections: The Quarterly Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVID-19</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">European-MENA partnerships</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">governance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">international aid</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MENA</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">89-99</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Covid-19 has spared no region of the world&amp;rsquo;s Global South and Global North. For obvious reasons, countries in the Global South are especially hard hit. This includes MENA, as most of its countries and societies belong to the Global South. The outcomes of perennial poverty, authoritarianism, corruption, and other serious long-term deficiencies mean that this virus hit societies extremely ill-prepared to mobilize the tremendous efforts needed to counter not only the immediate but also the immense future challenges. As long-term governance deficiencies and the new challenges emanating from COVID-19 are mutually reinforcing each other, finding and implementing sustainable solutions for the future becomes even more difficult &amp;ndash; and more urgently needed. This prospect cannot remain without implications for the whole Mediterranean region &amp;ndash; and for Europe. European-MENA partnerships are more needed than ever. In order to be effective, these partnerships need to include many new stakeholders; they need to be based on trust and on the principle that responsibility for regional, national, and especially for human security has to be shared.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">89</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">John L. Clarke</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pandemics and Armed Forces: Which Roles Are Appropriate?</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Connections: The Quarterly Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">capabilities</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVID-19</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">crisis management</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">defense support to civilian authorities</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Disaster</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">law enforcement</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">77-88</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In the current pandemic crisis, the armed forces of many nations are being called upon to provide assistance and support to the civil authorities in an ever-expanding fashion. This article explores the kinds of roles, missions, tasks, and functions that the armed forces are carrying out in this crisis and identifies a number of policy considerations for decision-makers to ponder when they consider tasking the armed forces to provide these services.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">77</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Study Group Regional Stability in South East Europe</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Western Balkan Countries in the Face of the Covid-19 Pandemic: Policy Recommendations</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Connections: The Quarterly Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Albania</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bosnia and Herzegovina</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVID-19</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kosovo</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Montenegro</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">North Macednia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">policy recommendations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Serbia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">situation analysis</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">125-131</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">These policy recommendations reflect the findings of the First Virtual Meeting on “The Western Balkan Countries in the Face of the COVID-19 Pandemic,” convened by the PfP Consortium Study Group “Regional Stability in Southeast Europe,” 28 May 2020. The article includes a number of tangible suggestions for Western Balkan governments, as well as for the EU, EU member states and NATO decision-makers on how to confront the coronavirus and security-related challenges in Southeast Europe.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">125</style></section></record></records></xml>