<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agnieszka Gogolewska</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Transformation of State Security and Intelligence Services in Poland – A Job Still Unfinished</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Connections: The Quarterly Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">civil watchdogs</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">intelligence oversight</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">judicial control</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Poland</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">post-communist transition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Transformation</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Winter 2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9-32</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Since 1989, the Polish intelligence sector has been undergoing a democratic transformation which has turned into a continuous institutional change. In the process, the old communist services were abolished and new ones established in parallel with setting up executive and legislative oversight structures. But while the intelligence institutions and the oversight structures, on the whole, meet democratic standards and do not appear to threaten the constitutional system or citizens’ rights in any systemic way, the more recent developments in the sector demonstrate that democracy in Poland has not in fact been consolidated. The state proved incapable of forming any dependable and effective model of control over the security sector in the sense of exercising both political guidance and democratic oversight. The intelligence services and some security institutions continue to enhance their prerogatives in the realm of covert operations, democratic control mechanisms are not sufficiently effective, and the issues of the communist past continue to be a disruptive factor. Under the circumstances, it is hard to single out good practices; rather, one should speak of lessons learned.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Luděk Michálek</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ladislav Pokorný</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Transformation of the Security and Intelligence Services in the Czech Republic</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Connections: The Quarterly Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Czech Republic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Czechoslovakia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">intelligence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">secret police</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Transformation</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Summer-Fall 2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">65-86</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This article describes the process of transformation of the secu&amp;shy;rity and intelligence apparatus of Czechoslovakia and the Czech Republic from the totalitarian, Soviet bloc country model to the modern democratic system of today. The authors describe the main events, key organizational and le&amp;shy;gal changes, and the role of the main actors in the transformation process. They analyze the experience and provide recommendations for solving the remaining challenges facing the Czech intelligence community.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">65</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jozef Stieranka</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martina Binderová</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Transformation of the State Security in the Slovak Republic from 1989 to 1992</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Connections: The Quarterly Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">counterintelligence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">democratic control</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">intelligence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">oversight</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Slovakia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Transformation</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Summer-Fall 2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">87-103</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This article describes the main steps of the post-communist transition of the intelligence and counter-intelligence services of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic, first to the purposes of democratization of the federal formation and then to the establishment of the respective capacity of the Slovak Republic. The authors pay particular attention to the introduction of norms and practices of parliamentary oversight of the security services in this early phase of the transformation process.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">87</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brigadier General Mark O. Schissler</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Bulgarian Air Force in a New Security Environment</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Information &amp; Security: An International Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">acquisition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">airpower</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Force planning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">imperfect information</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Transformation</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">37-40</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Military leaders have to consider political and economic realities and explore efficiency options, such cooperation and partnership, in calling for and ad­vancing air capabilities.
</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Klaus Niemeyer</style></author></authors><subsidiary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">I&amp;S Monitor</style></author></subsidiary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Transformation: Military and Science</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Information &amp; Security: An International Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">military</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">opera­tions analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scenarios</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">security system</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Transformation</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">245-258</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Military and science have been complementary throughout history. Military capability has always been built on the advances in science and technology and at the same time it has provided motivation and goals for new technologies and applied science. If technologies and scientific approaches advance the military op­tions, strategies and tactics need to adjust and transform accordingly. In this sense transformation of military is triggered by the advances in science and technology. At the same time, specific scientific disciplines, such as operations analysis, pro­vides the techniques and tools for a pragmatic and effective transformation of mili­tary affairs.
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">245</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Robert K. Murphy</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">G. Richard Cathers</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Transparency in Force Modernization Decisions</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Information &amp; Security: An International Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">acquisition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">capabilities-based assessment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">capability</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">force modernization</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">requirements</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">strategy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Transformation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Transparency</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">207-223</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Transparency, as defined for this paper, is the continual process of 
openness, accountability, and governance, plays a vital role in force modernization 
decisions. It is essential in capabilities-based planning (CBP), and because of rising 
acquisition costs, transformation has become the overall vision for military strategy. 
Transformation is implemented by capabilities-based planning resulting in force 
modernization decisions. Without a well defined, repeatable, and transparent 
evaluation process, national vulnerabilities and required capabilities might be incorrectly identified, resulting in wrong solutions. Force modernization decisions based 
upon transparency can provide the basis for a highly effective, low cost solution. 
The solution does not have to be a technical solution, but can be a change in Doctrine; Organization; Training; Leadership development; Materiel; Personnel; or Facilities (DOTLMPF). By including transparency for identifying requirements, we 
can ensure that the requirement answers the how, what, why, when, and who so that 
a credible decision can be made. Force modernization decisions using capabilities 
based planning and value tools that help structure and evaluate requirements have 
been used very effectively. A simple, top-down approach of Strategy to Need is 
used to initiate the evaluation. Force modernization decisions should be made using 
processes, methodologies, and supporting tools which allow for fully transparent 
assessments for the decision-maker. In other words, assessments should be traceable and accountable. Processes should be clear, methodologies should be simple, 
and the tools should be easy to use and understand. Several countries have successfully used this process for evaluating alternatives against a set of requirements. 
These assessments have included upgrading fleets, restructuring organizations, and 
acquiring new equipment.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Orlin NIKOLOV</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CAX, Joint Training and Transformation Objectives</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Information &amp; Security: An International Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CAX</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Joint National Training Capability</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Joint Training</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Modeling and Simulation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Transformation</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7-13</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This article elaborates on the issues related to improving joint training. Special emphasis is given to transformation of training and especially to the establishment of the Joint National Training Capability (JNTC) as the cornerstone of training transformation. The author presents the six functional areas of JNTC implementation: Joint Management Office, Joint Training System Application, Joint Command and Control, Opposing Forces, Joint Training Infrastructure, and Advanced Training Technologies. The role of modeling and simulation and CAX in particular is also discussed. The various challenges and approaches are presented in a global distributed training environment. </style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Henk Emmens</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A NATO Perspective on Challenges and Prospects for the Bulgarian Air Force</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Information &amp; Security: An International Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Air Force Modernisation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NATO Response Force (NRF)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NATO’s Defence Planning Process</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Transformation</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19-26</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This article addresses the NATO perspective on the challenges and prospects for the Bulgarian Air Force. The general discussion is put in the context of one of NATO’s main themes at the moment, Transformation.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>