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A
Abu Sayyaf Group, 75
Afghanistan, 26, 39, 74, 80, 90, 116, 117, 131, 132, 140, 164, 188, 212, 221
al-Muhajiroun, 27
al-Qaeda, 34, 50, 74, 85, 131, 136, 164, 193, 202, 242
al-Qaeda in Iraq (AQI), 56, 62, 184, 217, 221
al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP), 26, 34, 92, 117
al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM), 73, 117
al-Shabaab, 36, 86, 92, 93, 96, 117, 133, 219
Jabhat al-Nusra (JN), 115, 193
alternative remittance system, 221, 225, 227
al-Zawahiri, Ayman, 37, 56, 193
anarchists, 6, 36, 56, 89
anthrax, 102, 103
AQ Khan, 108, 109
armed forces, 1, 10, 28, 37, 39, 131, 132, 133, 136, 140, 149, 160, 164, 166, 168, 236, 237, 240, 258, 259
Armed Islamic Group (GIA), 54, 55
Aum Shinrikyo, 45, 50, 52, 54, 59, 90, 101, 102
B
Barot, Dhiren, 153, 157
Basayev, Shamil, 105
Battle of Algiers, 132
Bin Laden, Osama, 25, 85, 91, 116, 117, 118, 135, 143, 161, 186, 193, 220
biological weapons
anthrax, 102, 103
bacteria, 102
Q fever, 102
ricin, 102, 151, 153
rickettsiae, 102
smallpox, 102
toxins, 102
Black September, 90, 137
Boko Haram, 36, 46, 133, 253
Bourgass, Kamel, 151
Breivik, Anders, 236, 237
Broken Arrows, 108
C
Camorra, 72, 78
Carabinieri, 136
CBRN. See Weapons of Mass Destruction; chemical weapons; biological weapons; radiological weapons
chemical weapons
chlorine, 62, 99
mustard agents, 100
nerve agents, 100
phosgene, 99
sarin, 100, 101
VX, 100
collaboration, 141, 254, 264, 265
interagency, 144, 248, 264, 265
international, 80, 141, 142, 213, 242, 265
Colombia, 34, 75, 76, 77, 132, 133, 152, 165, 181, 184, 187, 188, 189, 200, 212, 219, 223, 230
cooperation
interagency, ix, 79, 131, 235, 236, 237, 239, 240, 242, 243, 244, 245, 248, 249, 264
international, 79, 126, 142, 158, 163, 172, 173, 174, 223, 229, 240, 242, 258
coordination
interagency, 131, 238, 239, 240, 241, 244, 248, 249, 254, 263
international, 81, 97, 100, 157, 242
Countering Violent Extremism (CVE), 127, 199, 201, 202, 203, 207, 209, 211, 212, 213
counter-radicalization programs, 203
de-radicalization, 200, 211, 254
de-radicalization programs, 203, 207
disengagement, 200, 201, 203, 207, 209
rehabilitation, 127, 205
violent extremism, 200
counterinsurgency, 132, 221, 253
Counternarcotics Police Afghanistan, 80
counter-terrorist operations, 21, 131, 142
Operation Alberich (Germany), 137, 142
Operation Crevice (UK), 138, 157
Operation Lightning (UK), 156
Operation Overt (UK), 158, 159
Operation Phoenix (Colombia), 165
Operation Rhyme (UK), 153, 157
Operation Serval (Mali), 132
Operation Springbourne (UK), 150, 151, 153
crime-terror nexus, 67, 72, 74, 81
D
Daesh. See Islamic State
D-Company, 75, 76
definition
terrorism, 19
Department of Homeland Security, 39, 80, 141, 244
dirty bombs. See radiological weapons
drone. See Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
Drug Enforcement Administration, 72, 79, 80
drug-trafficking, 68, 71
E
Egmont Group, 230
Ejército de Liberación Nacional, 200
Euskadi ta Askatasuna (ETA), 34, 55, 137, 182, 185, 188
extradition, 169, 170, 173, 174, 259
extremism. See Countering Violent Extremism
F
Federal Bureau of Investigation, 80, 103, 133, 136, 139, 141, 144, 242, 243, 244, 246
Fenians. See Provisional Irish Republican Army
Financial Action Task Force, 80, 226, 230
foreign fighters, 23, 73, 115, 116, 118, 119, 120, 121, 124, 126, 127, 144, 193, 205, 221
Foreign-deployed Advisory and Support Teams, 80
Free Aceh Movement, 191
freelance terrorism, 62, 116, 117, 119, 121, 122, 124, 125, 127
Front de Libération Nationale, 20, 132
Fusion Center. See intelligence
G
Gjorv Report, 237
groupthink, 25, 59
Grupos Antiterroristas de Liberación, 137
Guantanamo, 39, 143, 167, 169, 205
Guardia Civil, 136
H
Hamas, 39, 45, 183, 186, 191, 193
Hezbollah, 186, 187, 193, 220, 223
Hizb-ut-Tahrir, 27
hostage-taking, 6, 13, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 90, 119, 136, 137, 171, 182
human rights. See law
I
intelligence
cycle, 141, 151
financial, 79, 218, 219, 224, 226, 229, 230, 236, 240, 244, 259
fusion center, 79, 141, 142, 236, 239, 247, 265
human (HUMINT), 135
imagery (IMINT), 135
open-source (OSINT), 141
sharing, 81, 126, 141, 142, 157, 164, 229, 230, 235, 239, 240, 241, 244, 245, 247, 249, 264
signal (SIGINT), 135, 140, 142
intelligence organizations
Bundesamt für Verfassungsshutz (BfV), 142
Bundesnachrichtendienst (BND), 187
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 100, 169
Force Research Unit (FRU), 137
Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ), 140
Interservices Intelligence Agency (ISI), 143
National Security Agency (NSA), 80, 140
Secret Intelligence Service (MI6), 143
Security Service (MI5), 137, 138, 141, 154, 155, 157, 193, 242
Servizio per la Informazioni e la Sicurezza Militare (SISMI), 169
intelligence-led policing, 79, 138, 153, 159
Internal Revenue Service (IRS), 80
International Criminal Court (ICC), 192
interrogation, 35, 135, 139, 168, 169, 218
Irish Republican Army. See Provisional Irish Republican Army(PIRA)
Islamic State, 18, 28, 34, 38, 41, 44, 49, 52, 62, 69, 73, 75, 76, 86, 94, 100, 109, 115, 118, 119, 123, 132, 133, 141, 192, 193, 202, 221, 225, 228, 253
J
Joint Terrorism Task Force (JTTF), 236, 239, 243, 244, 246, 248
K
Kurdistan Workers’ Party(PKK), 25
L
Lashkar-e-Taiba(LeT), 42, 132
law
Comprehensive Convention on International Terrorism, 173
Convention on Torture, 170
Counter Terrorism and Security Bill, 44
human rights, 9, 39, 132, 143, 144, 168, 170, 175, 218, 230, 267
international humanitarian law, 167, 168
law of armed conflict, 167
Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty, 174, 229
Patriot Act, 39, 140, 164
rendition, 140, 168, 169
targeted killing, 135, 168, 171
torture, 13, 132, 133, 143, 170, 175, 267
Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE). See Tamil Tigers
Liquid Bomb Plot. See terrorist plots and attacks
lone actor, 18, 115, 116, 117, 120, 122, 123, 124, 125, 127, 193
lone wolf. See lone actor
Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA), 55, 70, 192
M
McVeigh, Timothy, 37, 56
money laundering, 68, 74, 81, 217, 218, 223, 224, 228, 229, 230, 240
Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF), 186, 192, 261
motivation for violent extremism and terrorism
deprivation, 22
environmental factors, 17, 22, 26, 29
family, 24, 27, 36
identity, 21, 22, 24, 26, 52, 72, 90, 218
ideology, 21, 23, 24, 28, 52, 57, 60, 62, 94, 111, 121, 128, 158, 200, 202, 207
individual factors, 17, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 26, 29, 57, 76
injustice, 9, 20, 21, 23, 39
leadership, 18, 25
prison, 26, 28, 29, 70, 119, 127, 205
victimization, 13, 21, 24
mutually hurting stalemate, 189, 190
N
Narodnaya Volya. See People’s Will
National Interdiction Unit (NIU, Afghanistan), 80
National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad (MNLA), 220
NATO Intelligence Fusion Center, 142
negotiations, 152, 181, 182, 183, 185, 186, 187, 188, 191, 192, 193, 259
nerve gas. See chemical weapons
networks
organization, 73, 152, 193, 238, 249
social, 121
transnational, 14, 144
Nigeria, 88, 133
Norway, 236, 237
November 17th, 50, 59
O
organized crime, 1, 14, 67, 69, 71, 74, 77, 223
P
Pakistan, 42, 43, 56, 107, 108, 116, 134, 135, 142, 143, 159, 171, 186, 188, 204, 211
Palestine Liberation Organization, 37, 43, 90
Paraguayan People’s Army (EPP), 73
People’s Will, 5, 56
Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – General Command (PFLP-GC), 50, 54, 59
Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP), 20
Provisional Irish Republican Army (PIRA), 25, 39, 43, 54, 55, 70, 73, 74, 78, 137, 152, 154, 190, 192, 201
R
radicalization, 17, 21, 24, 26, 28, 60, 70, 76, 94, 120, 121, 207, 241, 262, 266
radiological dispersal device. See radiological weapons
radiological weapons
cesium 137, 105, 106
dirty bomb, 103, 104, 105
highly enriched uranium, 104, 105, 106, 108, 111
plutonium, 105, 106, 111
radiological isotopes, 105, 106
Red Army Faction (RAF), 54, 55, 59
Red Brigades, 37, 72, 185
rendition. See law
resilience, 202, 212, 256, 257
Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC), 54, 70, 73, 75, 76, 165, 184, 185, 187, 189, 219, 221
ricin. See biological weapons
Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC), 137, 141
S
salmonella. See biological weapons
sarin gas. See chemical weapons
Sendero Luminoso, 34, 54, 220
Sensitive Investigative Unit (SIU), 80
Sharia4, 27
Shining. See Sendero Luminoso
Sicarii, 43, 253
special operations
Special Air Service (SAS), 136
Special Operations Command (SOCOM), 135
Special Operations Forces (SOF), 133, 135, 137, 139
special police units
Grenzshutzgruppe 9 (GSG-9), 137, 142
Groupe d’Intervention de la Gendarmerie Nationale (GIGN), 136
Special Weapons and Tactics (SWAT), 136, 139
Yamam (Israel), 136
state terrorism, 12, 13, 14, 58, 68, 77, 107, 187, 219, 259
strategy, 14, 33
CT strategy, 131, 155, 161, 182, 195, 199, 203, 205, 207, 213, 237, 254, 255, 256, 257, 259, 261, 263, 266, 268
terrorist strategy, 19, 21, 33, 36, 46, 51, 64, 86, 93, 132, 153
T
Taliban, 36, 45, 75, 142, 164, 173, 186, 187, 188, 221, 223
Tamil Tigers, 34, 54, 70, 184, 185, 220
Tehreek-e-Taliban, Pakistan, 36, 212
terrorism
definition, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 13, 15, 17, 69, 75, 86, 173, 200, 218
financing, 58, 68, 76, 140, 151, 173, 176, 217, 218, 220, 221, 223, 225, 227, 229, 230, 240, 264
international, 6, 7, 94, 131, 166, 171, 173, 225, 245
legislation, 4, 39, 68, 69, 81, 164, 172, 175, 226, 229, 238
tactics, 9, 21, 33, 40, 44, 45, 49, 50, 54, 56, 62, 72, 74, 118, 258
terrorist media
al Hayat, 94
al-Kataib News Channel, 93
as-Sahab (“The Cloud”), 91
Azzam Publications, 173
Dabiq, 34, 94
Inspire, 34, 92, 94, 118
Mujatweets, 94
Sawt al-Jihad (Voice of the Jihad), 91
terrorist plots and attacks
Beslan school siege (2004), 36, 44, 136
Charlie Hebdo attack (2015), 39, 41, 88, 119, 136
Liquid Bomb Plot (2006), 117, 159, 176
Mumbai (2008), 41, 42, 46, 50, 76, 132, 136
Munich Olympics (1972), 37, 90, 137
Norway (2011), 40
Oklahoma City bombing (1995), 37, 56
Omagh (1998), 153
Paris (2015), 38, 39, 42, 62, 115
Sofia (1925), 6
Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (MRTA), 44
U
ummah, 20, 24, 94
United Kingdom (UK), 2, 109, 117, 141, 149, 256
United Nations (UN), 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 14, 80, 170, 173, 258
United States (US), 7, 11, 34, 94, 103, 108, 159
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), 21, 26, 134, 135, 140, 171, 178
V
vigilantism, 12, 69
violent extremism. See Countering Violent Extremism (CVE)
W
Weather Underground, 23
Whole of Government (approach to CT), 131