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Growing dependence on information technology (IT) and increasing intercon-nection of critical (information) infrastructures have made a secure cyberspace vital to the functioning of a modern state. Consequently, cyber threats or “cyber terrorism” remain one of the crucial concerns to be addressed by decision makers - not just political decision makers, but those from industry and civil society as well. This chapter will showcase how dependency on cyberspace is increasing and outline cyber security threats not only to governments and industry but also to the individual Internet user. Specific challenges to cyber security will be highlighted and concrete options offered on how such challenges can best be addressed by implementing an OSCE-type comprehensive approach to cyber security.