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This paper describes an approach for assuring the functional safety of perspective aircraft on-board Instrumentation & Control (I&C) systems on the basis of reconfigurable computation nodes (CN). The functional-architectural model of aircrafts on-board I&C systems with possibility for CN reconfiguration, as well as enhanced method for assuring the functional safety of aircrafts on-board I&C systems on their design stage and a new method for assuring this feature during the operational stage of such systems, based on the proposed model and which consider the on-line criticality and reliability control results of certain elements and functional subsystems is proposed and discussed.